Nonvolatile memory device with dielectric layer formed on control gate sidewall along lateral direction

ABSTRACT

Patterns of a nonvolatile memory device include a semiconductor substrate that defines active regions extending in a longitudinal direction, an isolation structure formed between the active regions, a tunnel insulating layer formed on the active regions, a charge trap layer formed on the tunnel insulating layer, a first dielectric layer formed on the charge trap layer and the isolation structure, wherein the first dielectric layers is extended along a lateral direction, a control gate layer formed on the first dielectric layer, wherein the control gate layer is extended along the lateral direction, and a second dielectric layer formed on a sidewall of the control gate layer along the lateral direction and coupled to the first dielectric layer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Priority to Korean patent application number 10-2010-0014120 filed on Feb. 17, 2010, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein, is claimed.

BACKGROUND

Exemplary embodiments relate generally to the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same and, more particularly, to the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same, which are capable of improving the failure rate of the device.

In line with an increase in the degree of integration of nonvolatile memory devices and a reduction of the pitch between memory cells, the proportion of defective devices produced in a process of forming patterns constituting a nonvolatile memory device has increased. In particular, a NAND flash memory device having a structure advantageous to a high degree of integration is increasingly likely to have failures in a process of forming gate patterns.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating a known method of forming the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device. In particular, FIGS. 1 and 2 depict a method of forming the gate patterns of a NAND flash memory device. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines I-I′, II-II′, and III-III′ in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 1, a tunnel insulating layer 3 and a charge trap layer 5 are stacked over a semiconductor substrate 1. The charge trap layer 5 and the tunnel insulating layer 3 are etched so that the semiconductor substrate 1 is exposed in the longitudinal direction. Next, trenches 7 are formed in the semiconductor substrate 1 in a longitudinal direction by etching the exposed semiconductor substrate 1. Although not shown, the process of etching the charge trap layer 5 and the tunnel insulating layer 3 and the process of etching the exposed semiconductor substrate 1 may be performed by using isolation hard mask patterns, formed on the charge trap layer 5, as an etch mask before the charge trap layer 5 is formed. The isolation hard mask patterns may be removed after the trenches 7 are formed.

After the trenches 7 are formed, the trenches 7 are filled with isolation insulation layers 9. Isolation structures, including the trenches 7 and the isolation insulation layers 9 and electrically isolating memory cells, are formed. An active region A is defined between the isolation structures in the longitudinal direction. The tunnel insulating layer 3 and the charge trap layer 5 may remain only over the active regions A.

Next, the height of the isolation insulation layer 9 is lowered by etching the isolation insulation layers 9 to control the Effective Field oxide Height (EFH) of the isolation structure. The EFH of the isolation structure is preferably lower than the height of the charge trap layer 5 such that the area in which the charge trap layer 5 and a control gate layer 13, forming a gate pattern, come into contact with each other is increased and thus the coupling ratio between the charge trap layer 5 and the control gate layer 13, forming the gate pattern, can be improved. Furthermore, the EFH of the isolation structure is preferably higher than the height of the tunnel insulating layer 3 to prevent the occurrence of a leakage current because the active regions A of the semiconductor substrate 1 are exposed. If the EFH is controlled as described above, the sidewall of the charge trap layer 5 is exposed.

Next, a dielectric layer 1 is formed on the isolation insulation layer 9 and the exposed surface of the charge trap layer 5. Next, the control gate layer 13 of a thickness enough to fill the space between the charge trap layers 5 is formed on the dielectric layer 1. Next, a gate hard mask pattern 15 is formed on the control gate layer 13.

The gate hard mask pattern 15 comprises a plurality of patterns separated in parallel, which is formed to cross the isolation structures and the active regions A. The control gate layer 13, the dielectric layer 1, and the charge trap layers 5 are etched using the gate hard mask pattern 15 as an etch mask to pattern the control gate layer 13, the dielectric layer 1, and the charge trap layers 5. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 2, gate patterns G in each of which the control gate layer 13, the dielectric layer 11, and the charge trap layer 5 are stacked are formed in respective regions in which the gate hard mask pattern 15 and the active region A cross each other. Meanwhile, the control gate layers 13 of the gate patterns G are connected in the lateral direction to cross the active regions A, thus becoming word lines.

The device can be properly driven when the control gate layer 13, the dielectric layer 11, and the charge trap layer 5 not overlapping the gate hard mask patterns 15 are fully removed in the process of patterning the control gate layer 13, the dielectric layer 11, and the charge trap layer 5 using the gate hard mask pattern 15 as the etch mask. However, the dielectric layer 11, formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer 5 and over the isolation structure having a controlled EFH, is not fully removed, so that a dielectric fence 11 a is formed. The dielectric fence 11 a provides a charge transfer path, thus causing a bridge between the gate patterns G that should be electrically insulated. To prevent the dielectric fence 11 a from being formed, the dielectric layer 11 may be excessively etched by using the gate hard mask pattern 15 as an etch mask. In this case, however, the isolation insulation layers 9 are excessively etched, and thus the EFH of the isolation structure may be lost.

The dielectric fence 11 a causes not only a bridge between the gate patterns G, but also the deterioration of a cycling characteristic of the device. The loss of the EFH causes reduction in reliability of the device. Furthermore, the dielectric fence 11 a, together with the gate hard mask pattern 15, serves as an etch mask to prevent the charge trap layer 5 below the dielectric fence 11 a from being removed, thereby causing failure of the gate patterns G.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Exemplary embodiments relate to the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same, which are capable of easily removing the unnecessary region of a dielectric layer, by removing the unnecessary region without the loss of the EFH of an isolation structure and preventing the unnecessary region from being formed on the sidewall of a charge trap layer.

According to an aspect of this disclosure, there are provided patterns of a nonvolatile memory device, including a semiconductor substrate that defines active regions extending in a longitudinal direction, an isolation structure formed between the active regions, a tunnel insulating layer formed on the active regions, a charge trap layer formed on the tunnel insulating layer, a first dielectric layer formed on the charge trap layer and the isolation structure, wherein the first dielectric layer is extended along a lateral direction, a control gate layer formed on the first dielectric layer, wherein the control gate layer is extended along the lateral direction, and a second dielectric layer formed on a sidewall of the control gate layer along the lateral direction and coupled to the first dielectric layer.

According to another aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a method of forming patterns of a nonvolatile memory device, including providing a semiconductor substrate that defines active regions extending in a longitudinal direction, an isolation structure between the active regions and a tunnel insulating layer and a charge trap layer stacked over the active regions; forming a plurality of auxiliary patterns spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction over the charge trap layer and the isolation structure so that the charge trap layer and the isolation structure are exposed along a lateral direction; forming a dielectric layer over the charge trap layer and the isolation structure exposed by the auxiliary patterns and on surfaces of the auxiliary patterns; forming a first control gate layer on the dielectric layer; polishing the first control gate layer and the dielectric layer to expose the auxiliary patterns; and removing the auxiliary patterns to expose the charge trap layer.

The dielectric layer preferably comprises a nitride layer.

The method preferably further includes lowering the height of the isolation structure by etching the isolation structure exposed by the auxiliary patterns, before forming the dielectric layer.

When lowering the height of the isolation structure, the height of the isolation structure preferably is higher than the tunnel insulating layer, and lower than a top surface of the charge trap layer.

The method preferably further includes exposing a sidewall of the first control gate layer by etching the exposed portion of the dielectric layer, after removing the auxiliary patterns.

When exposing the sidewall of the first control gate layer, the sidewall of the first control gate layer preferably is exposed by a thickness of the charge trap layer or by a thickness thicker than the thickness of the charge trap layer from a top of the first control gate layer.

The method preferably further includes etching the exposed portion of the charge trap layer by using the first control gate layer and the dielectric layer as an etch mask, after exposing the sidewall of the first control gate layer.

When etching the exposed portion of the charge trap layer, the first control gate layer preferably is etched and the first control gate layer preferably has a reduced thickness.

After etching the exposed portion of the charge trap layer, the method preferably further includes forming a dielectric interlayer over the semiconductor substrate, exposing the first control gate layer by etching the dielectric interlayer, forming a metal layer on the exposed portion of the first control gate layer, forming second control gate layer comprising a metal silicide layer by reacting the metal layer and the first control gate layer, and removing the metal layer remaining after forming the metal silicide layer.

When exposing the first control gate layer by etching the dielectric interlayer, the dielectric interlayer preferably is etched to expose the sidewall of the first control gate layer.

The exposed sidewall of the first control gate layer from the top of the first control gate layer preferably is thicker than the charge trap layer.

When the dielectric layer is exposed, the etching of the dielectric interlayer preferably is stopped because of a difference in an etch selectivity between the dielectric interlayer and the dielectric layer.

The first control gate layer preferably comprises polysilicon, and the metal layer preferably comprises cobalt (Co).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a depiction_illustrating a method of forming the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines I-I′, II-II′, and III-III′ in FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3A to 3J are depictions illustrating the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same according to a first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines IV-IV′, V-V′, and VI-VI′ in FIG. 3I; and

FIGS. 5A to 5F are depictions illustrating the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same according to a second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, some exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing figures are provided to allow those having ordinary skill in the art to understand the scope of the embodiments of the disclosure.

FIGS. 3A to 3J are depictions illustrating the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same according to a first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. In particular, FIGS. 3A to 3J illustrate the gate patterns of a NAND flash memory device and a method of forming the same.

Referring to FIG. 3A, an active regions A are defined extending in a longitudinal direction. A semiconductor substrate 101 in which a isolation structure is formed between the active regions A, and a tunnel insulating layer 103 and a charge trap layer 105 are stacked over the active regions A is provided.

The semiconductor substrate 101 may be formed through the following process.

First, a well (not shown) is formed. The tunnel insulating layer 103, the charge trap layer 105, and isolation hard mask patterns (not shown) are stacked over the semiconductor substrate 101 on which an ion implantation process for controlling the threshold voltage has been performed.

The tunnel insulating layer 103 preferably comprises an oxide layer, and may be formed using an oxidization process or a deposition process. The charge trap layer 105 preferably comprises a polysilicon layer. The isolation hard mask patterns preferably comprise an oxide layer, or may have a stack structure of an oxide layer and a nitride layer, for example.

The isolation hard mask patterns define regions in which the trenches 107 of isolation structures will be formed. The isolation hard mask patterns are spaced from each other in the lateral direction and are formed along the longitudinal direction. The tunnel insulating layer 103 is exposed by etching the exposed charge trap layer 105 using the isolation hard mask patterns as an etch mask. Next, the semiconductor substrate 101 is exposed by etching the exposed tunnel insulating layer 103 using the isolation hard mask patterns as an etch mask. Next, the plurality of trenches 107 spaced apart from each other in the lateral direction is formed by etching the exposed semiconductor substrate 101 to a desired depth using the isolation hard mask patterns as an etch mask. After the trenches 107 are formed, the isolation hard mask patterns may be removed.

After the trenches 107 are formed, isolation insulation layer 109, having a thickness sufficient to fill the inside of the trench 107, is formed on the entire surface. Next, a polishing process is performed to expose the charge trap layer 105. The polishing process preferably is performed using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). Accordingly, the isolation insulation layer 109 is separated in the lateral direction and has the same height as the charge trap layer 105. The isolation structure, including the isolation insulation layer 109 and the trench 107. The isolation structures are spaced apart from each other in the lateral direction. Furthermore, the active region A of the semiconductor substrate 101 is defined between the isolation structures along the longitudinal direction. The tunnel insulating layer 103 and the charge trap layer 105 remain only over the active regions A.

Referring to FIG. 3B, an auxiliary layer 111 is formed on the charge trap layer 105 and the isolation insulation layer 109. The auxiliary layer 111 preferably comprises an oxide layer that can be easily etched. The oxide layer preferably includes at least any one of a High Density Plasma (HDP) oxide layer, a Plasma Enhanced-Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silicate (PE-TEOS) oxide layer, a High Temperature Oxide (HTO) layer, or a Boro-phospho Silicate Glass (BPSG) oxide layer.

The thickness of the auxiliary layer 111 preferably is the same as the sum of the thickness of the charge trap layer 105, the thickness of a control gate layer remaining as a control gate pattern, and the thickness of the isolation insulation layer 109 to be etched in a subsequent process.

Referring to FIG. 3C, auxiliary patterns 111 a are formed by patterning the auxiliary layer 111. The auxiliary patterns 111 a are formed on the isolation insulation layer 109 and the charge trap layer 105 and spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction so that the isolation insulation layer 109 and the charge trap layer 105 are exposed along the lateral direction. Only one auxiliary pattern 111 a is shown in relevant drawings, for convenience of description.

Meanwhile, the auxiliary patterns 111 a are formed in regions in which a control gate layer and a dielectric layer to be formed in subsequent processes should not remain and formed of patterns to define regions in which the control gate layer and the dielectric layer remain. Thus, after gate patterns are finally formed, the control gate layer and the dielectric layer remain only over the semiconductor substrate 101 corresponding to a region in which the auxiliary pattern 111 a is not formed.

The height of the isolation insulation layer 109 by an etch process, such as etch-back process, is lowered by using the auxiliary patterns 111 a as an etch mask to control the effective field oxide height (EFH) of the isolation structure. The height of the isolation structure preferably is lower than the height of the charge trap layer 105 so that the area in which the charge trap layer 105 and the control gate layer, forming the gate pattern, come into contact with each other is increased and thus the coupling ratio between the charge trap layer 105 and the control gate layer can be improved. Furthermore, the height of the isolation structure preferably is higher than the height of the tunnel insulating layer 103 to prevent the leakage current from being generated owing to the exposed active regions A.

As a result of the etch process of controlling the EFH of the isolation structure, the sidewall of the charge trap layer 105 is exposed only in portion exposed by the auxiliary patterns 111 a, some of the auxiliary patterns 111 a is etched, and thus the thickness of the auxiliary pattern 111 a can be reduced.

Referring to FIG. 3D, a dielectric layer 113 is formed on the exposed sidewall of the charge trap layer 105, the exposed top of the charge trap layer 105, on the top of the auxiliary pattern 111 a, and on the sidewall of the auxiliary pattern 111 a.

The dielectric layer 113 preferably has a stack structure of a first oxide layer, a nitride layer, and a second oxide layer. As shown herein, the dielectric layer 113 includes a first dielectric layer 113 a, a second dielectric layer 113 b, and a third dielectric layer 113 c. The first dielectric layer 113 a is formed on the exposed surface of the isolation insulation layer 109, the sidewall of the charge trap layer 105 protruding higher than the isolation insulation layer 109 having a lowered height, and on the exposed top of the charge trap layer 105. The second dielectric layer 113 b is coupled to the first dielectric layer 113 a and is formed on the sidewall of the auxiliary pattern 111 a extending in the lateral direction. The third dielectric layer 113 c is coupled to the second dielectric layer 113 b and formed on the top of the auxiliary pattern 111 a.

Referring to FIG. 3E, the control gate layer 115 is formed on the dielectric layer 113.

The control gate layer 115 is formed in thickness sufficient to fill the space between the charge trap layers 105 and thicker than the charge trap layer 105 by taking the loss of the control gate layer 115 in a subsequent process of etching the charge trap layer 105 into consideration. To this end, the control gate layer 115 preferably is thicker than the sum of the thickness of the charge trap layer 105 and the thickness of the control gate layer 115 that should remain as the gate pattern.

Referring to FIG. 3F, the control gate layer 115 and the dielectric layer 113 are polished to expose the auxiliary pattern 111 a. The polishing preferably is performed using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP).

When the auxiliary pattern 111 a is exposed by polishing the control gate layer 115 and the dielectric layer 113, the third dielectric layer 113 c is removed and only the first and second dielectric layers 113 a and 113 b remain. Furthermore, the control gate layers 115 are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction, and the second dielectric layer 113 b remains only on the sidewall of the control gate layer 115 along the lateral direction.

Meanwhile, the third dielectric layer 113 c that is removed is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer 105, but formed on the top of the auxiliary pattern 111 a, which is parallel to the semiconductor substrate 101 and flat. Accordingly, the third dielectric layer 113 c can be easily removed through the polishing process. Since the third dielectric layer 113 c can be easily removed by the polishing process as described above, an excessive etch process for removing the unnecessary third dielectric layer 113 c need not be performed. Furthermore, there is no problem that the height of the isolation insulation layer 109 will be lost because the isolation insulation layer 109 is not lost in the process of removing the third dielectric layer 113 c. Accordingly, a shift in the EFH of the isolation structure can be prevented. Furthermore, the irregularity of the program speeds of memory cells, occurring due to a change in the coupling ratio of the gate pattern for every memory cell because of irregular EFHs of the isolation structures, can be prevented.

Referring to FIG. 3G, the charge trap layer 105 and the isolation insulation layer 109 are exposed by removing the auxiliary pattern 111 a. The second dielectric layer 113 b remains on the sidewall of the control gate layer 115 after the auxiliary pattern 111 a is removed.

Referring to FIG. 3H, the second dielectric layer 113 b is etched such that the sidewall of the control gate layer 115 is exposed from the top of the control gate layer 115 by a thickness D equal to the thickness of the charge trap layer 105. To this end, the second dielectric layer 113 b is etched, preferably using an anisotropic dry etch method. Although not shown, the second dielectric layer 113 b may be fully removed by etching the second dielectric layer 113 b using a wet etch method.

Referring to FIG. 3I, the exposed portion of the charge trap layer 105 is removed by an etch process using the control gate layer 115 and the second dielectric layer 113 b as an etch mask, thereby forming a plurality of charge trap layer patterns 105 a spaced apart from each other not only in the lateral direction, but also in the longitudinal direction. The charge trap layer 105 and the control gate layer 115 preferably comprise polysilicon as described above. Accordingly, when the etch process of forming the charge trap layer pattern 105 a is performed, the control gate layer 115 is etched, thereby reducing the thickness of the control gate layer 115. Consequently, control gate patterns 115 a forming respective gate patterns G are finally formed. The control gate patterns 115 a are spaced apart from each other_in the longitudinal direction. Each of the control gate patterns 115 a is extended along the lateral direction.

Furthermore, the etch process of forming the charge trap layer patterns 105 a using the etch material (i.e., the polysilicon layer), having a high etch selectivity for the dielectric layer 113, is performed. Accordingly, the height of the second dielectric layer 113 b from the top of the charge trap layer pattern 105 a may be equal to the height of the control gate pattern 115 a from the top of the charge trap layer pattern 105 a.

The second dielectric layer 113 b may be removed by the etch process described with reference to FIG. 3H according to circumstances. The second dielectric layer 113 b, preferably comprising a nitride layer, remains on the sidewalls of the control gate patterns 115 a. Accordingly, the sidewalls of the control gate patterns 115 a can be prevented from being lost through the second dielectric layer 113 b when the etch process of forming the charge trap layer patterns 105 a is performed, and thus the critical dimension of the control gate patterns 115 a can be prevented from being lost.

Meanwhile, in the case where the dielectric layer 113 has a stack structure of a first oxide layer, a nitride layer, and a second oxide layer, the dielectric layer 113 preferably is etched using phosphoric acid.

Through the processes described above with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3I, the gate patterns G of the NAND flash memory device include the plurality of charge trap layer patterns 105 a longitudinally spaced apart from each other on the tunnel insulating layer 103 over the active regions A, the first dielectric layer 113 a formed on the charge trap layer patterns 105 a and the isolation structures, the control gate patterns 115 a formed on the first dielectric layer 113 a and longitudinally spaced apart from each other, and the second dielectric layer 113 b laterally formed on the sidewalls of the control gate patterns 115 a and coupled to the first dielectric layer 113 a.

After the gate patterns G are formed, a re-oxidization process for eliminating damage generated on the sidewalls of the charge trap layer patterns 105 a and subsequent processes of, for example, forming a dielectric interlayer 119 on the entire surface as shown in FIG. 3J preferably are performed.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines IV-IV′, V-V′, and VI-VI′ in FIG. 3I.

Referring to FIG. 4, in the first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, an unnecessary region of the dielectric layer 113 is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer pattern 105 a. Accordingly, in a process of removing the unnecessary region of the dielectric layer, a dielectric fence is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer pattern 105 a.

In the first exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, since a dielectric fence is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer pattern 105 a, the dielectric layer 113 need not be excessively etched to remove the dielectric fence. Accordingly, the loss of the EFH of the isolation structure which may be caused by the excessive etch process of the dielectric layer can be improved.

FIGS. 5A to 5E are diagrams illustrating the patterns of a nonvolatile memory device and a method of forming the same according to a second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. In particular, FIGS. 5A to 5E illustrate the gate patterns of a NAND flash memory device and a method of forming the same.

Referring to FIG. 5A, in the second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, active regions A may be defined and extend in the longitudinal direction between a plurality of isolation structures spaced apart from each other in the lateral direction and a semiconductor substrate 201 in which a tunnel insulating layer 203 and a charge trap layer 205 are stacked over the active regions A may be provided, using the same method as described above with reference to FIG. 3A.

Next, the EFH of an isolation insulation layer 209 constituting each of isolation structures is controlled using the same method as described above with reference to FIGS. 3B and 3C.

Next, first control gate layers 215 spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction are formed using the same method as described with reference to FIGS. 3D to 3G. Next, there remain a first dielectric layer 213 a formed over the isolation insulation layer 209 under the first control gate layer 215 and on the top and sidewall of the charge trap layer 205 under the first control gate layer 215, from the dielectric layer 213, and a second dielectric layer 213 b formed on the sidewall of the first control gate layer 215 along the lateral direction. The first control gate layer 215 correspond to the control gate layer 115 of FIGS. 3D to 3G. Next, auxiliary patterns (not shown) are removed.

After the auxiliary patterns are removed, to increase the area in which a metal layer deposited in a subsequent process and the first control gate layer 215 come into contact with each other, the second dielectric layer 213 b is etched so that the sidewall of the first control gate layer 215 is exposed by a second thickness D2 thicker than the first thickness D1 of the charge trap layer 205 from the top of the first control gate layer 215, as shown in FIG. 5A. In an alternative embodiment, the second dielectric layer 213 b may be etched so that the sidewall of the first control gate layer 215 is exposed by the same thickness as the first thickness D1 of the charge trap layer 205 from the top of the first control gate layer 215. To this end, the second dielectric layer 213 b may be etched, preferably using an anisotropic dry etch method. Although not shown, the second dielectric layer 213 b may be fully removed by etching the second dielectric layer 213 b using a wet etch method.

Referring to FIG. 5B, a plurality of charge trap layer patterns 205 a is formed by removing the exposed portion of the charge trap layer through an etch process using the first control gate layer 215 and the second dielectric layer 213 b as an etch mask. The charge trap layer patterns 205 a are spaced apart from each other not only in the lateral direction, but also in the longitudinal direction. The charge trap layer 205 and the first control gate layer 215 preferably comprise polysilicon as described above. Accordingly, the first control gate layer 215 is etched when the etch process of forming the charge trap layer patterns 205 a is performed, so that the thickness of the first control gate layer 215 removes identical with the first thickness D1. Next, first control gate patterns 215 a are formed. The first control gate pattern 215 a functions to generate a metal silicide layer through a reaction with the metal layer in a subsequent process. The first control gate patterns 215 a are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction.

Furthermore, before the etch process of the charge trap layer 205, the first control gate layer 215 was exposed in the second thickness D2 thicker than the first thickness D1. Although the thickness of the first control gate layer 215 remains identical with the first thickness D1 after the etch process of the charge trap layer 205, the first control gate pattern 215 a remains higher than the second dielectric layer 213 b. Consequently, some of the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a may be exposed.

As described above, the second dielectric layer 213 b including the nitride layer remains on the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 205 a. Accordingly, when the etch process of forming the charge trap layer patterns 205 a is performed, damage to the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a due to the second dielectric layer 213 b can be improved, and the loss of the critical dimensions of the first control gate pattern 215 a can be improved.

Referring to FIG. 5C, a first dielectric interlayer 219 having a thickness sufficient to fill the space between the charge trap layer patterns 205 a and the space between the first control gate patterns 215 a is formed on the entire surface. The first dielectric interlayer 219 preferably comprises an oxide layer.

Referring to FIG. 5D, the first dielectric interlayer 219 is etched to expose the first control gate pattern 215 a. Here, only the top of the first control gate pattern 215 a may be exposed by polishing the first dielectric interlayer 219, preferably using Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) until the first control gate pattern 215 a is exposed. Alternatively, after the polishing process, an etch process, such as an etch-back process, may be further performed, thereby lowering the height of the first dielectric interlayer 219 and exposing the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a.

The second dielectric layer 213 b remaining on the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a includes the nitride layer. When the etch process of the first dielectric interlayer 219 is performed to expose the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a, the second dielectric layer 213 b may function as an etch-stop layer for stopping the etch process because of a difference in the etch selectivity between the second dielectric layer 213 b and the first dielectric interlayer 219 formed of an oxide layer. Accordingly, the exposed area of the first control gate pattern 215 a can be regularly controlled upwardly from the second dielectric layer 213 b through the second dielectric layer 213 b, and the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a can be prevented from being excessively exposed. Furthermore, the first dielectric interlayer 219 can be prevented from being excessively removed between the first control gate patterns 215 a. Consequently, the first control gate patterns 215 a and subsequent control gate patterns, each configured to have a stack structure and formed of a silicide layer to be formed in a subsequent process, can be more effectively supported by the first dielectric interlayer 219 and the second dielectric layer 213 b which remains behind.

Meanwhile, in this disclosure, the first control gate patterns 215 a remain higher than the second dielectric layer 213 b, and the etch process of the first dielectric interlayer 219 is stopped when the second dielectric layer 213 b is exposed. Accordingly, after the etch process of the first dielectric interlayer 219, some of the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a can be exposed.

Referring to FIG. 5E, a metal layer 221 is formed on the entire surface so that the metal layer 221 comes into contact with the exposed top and sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a.

The metal layer 221 preferably is deposited to form a metal silicide layer, having lower resistance than polysilicon, in a subsequent process through a reaction with the first control gate patterns 215 a made of polysilicon. The metal layer 221 preferably comprises cobalt (Co). Meanwhile, a TiN layer for preventing the oxidization of the metal layer 221 and a Ti layer for preventing cohesion in an annealing process for forming the metal silicide layer preferably is further deposited over the metal layer 221.

In the second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, since the sidewall of the first control gate pattern 215 a is exposed, the contact area between the first control gate pattern 215 a and the metal layer 221 can be increased. Accordingly, the height occupied by the metal silicide layer, from the height of a gate pattern, can be increased, and thus the resistance of the gate pattern can be improved more effectively.

Referring to FIG. 5F, an annealing process preferably is performed so that the metal layer can react to the first control gate patterns 215 a. Thus, the metal silicide layer 225 (i.e., a second control gate layer) is formed on the first control gate pattern 215 a. The metal silicide layer 225 formed in the case where a cobalt (Co) layer is used as the metal layer is a cobalt silicide (CoSi₂) layer.

The annealing process for forming the metal silicide layer 225 may be divided into a first annealing process and a second annealing process. For example, a case where the cobalt silicide (CoSi₂) layer is formed is described in detail below. The cobalt silicide layer of a CoSi phase preferably is formed by performing the first annealing process at a first temperature. Next, the cobalt silicide layer of the CoSi phase is converted into a cobalt silicide layer of a CoSi₂ phase, preferably by performing the second annealing process at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. The cobalt silicide layer of the CoSi₂ phase is more stable than the cobalt silicide layer of a CoSi, and it has lower resistance than the cobalt silicide layer of the CoSi.

After the metal silicide layer 225 is formed, the metal layer, the TiN layer, and the Ti layer remaining without reaction are removed, preferably by a strip process. Accordingly, the gate patterns G, including the metal silicide layer 225 for low-resistance wiring, are formed.

Through the processes described with reference to FIGS. 5A to 5F, the gate patterns G of the NAND flash memory device include the plurality of charge trap layer patterns 205 a longitudinally spaced apart from each other on the tunnel insulating layer 203 over the active regions A, the first dielectric layer 213 a formed on the charge trap layer patterns 205 a and the isolation structures, a plurality of control gate patterns 227 formed on the first dielectric layer 213 a and longitudinally spaced apart from each other, and the second dielectric layer 213 b formed on the sidewall of the control gate pattern 227 along the lateral direction and coupled to the first dielectric layer 213 a. Furthermore, the control gate pattern 227 includes the first control gate pattern 215 a and the metal silicide layer 225 stacked over the first dielectric layer 213 a. Furthermore, the height of the second dielectric layer 213 b from the top of the charge trap layer pattern 205 a is lower than the height of the control gate pattern 227 from the top of the charge trap layer pattern 205 a.

After the gate patterns G are formed, a subsequent process of, for example, forming a second dielectric interlayer (not shown) on the entire surface is performed.

In the second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, an unnecessary region of the dielectric layer is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer. Accordingly, a dielectric fence is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer.

In the second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, since a dielectric fence is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer as described above, the dielectric layer needs not to be excessively etched to remove a dielectric fence. Accordingly, a phenomenon in which the EFH of the isolation structure is lost because of an excessive etch process for the dielectric layer can be improved.

In the second exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the second dielectric layer remains on the sidewall of the first control gate pattern. Accordingly, the metal silicide layer can be prevented from being excessively formed, and supporting power to prevent the control gate patterns from collapsing can be secured.

As described above, according to the present disclosure, a dielectric fence is not formed on the sidewall of the charge trap layer, and the loss of the EFH of the isolation structure can be improved. Accordingly, the failure of a device resulting from the dielectric fence and the loss of the EFH of the isolation structure can be improved. 

1. A method of forming patterns of a nonvolatile memory device, the method comprising: providing a semiconductor substrate that defines active regions extending in a longitudinal direction, an isolation structure between the active regions and a tunnel insulating layer and a charge trap layer stacked over the active regions; forming a plurality of auxiliary patterns spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction over the charge trap layer and the isolation structure so that the charge trap layer and the isolation structure are exposed along a lateral direction; forming a dielectric layer over the charge trap layer and the isolation structure exposed by the auxiliary patterns and on surfaces of the auxiliary patterns; forming a first control gate layer on the dielectric layer; polishing the first control gate layer and the dielectric layer to expose the auxiliary patterns; and removing the auxiliary patterns to expose the charge trap layer.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a nitride layer.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising lowering the isolation structure by etching the isolation structure exposed by the auxiliary patterns, before forming the dielectric layer.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein when lowering the isolation structure, the isolation structure is higher than the tunnel insulating layer and lower than a top surface of the charge trap layer.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising exposing a sidewall of the first control gate layer by etching a portion of the dielectric layer, after removing the auxiliary patterns.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the sidewall of the first control gate layer is exposed by a thickness of the charge trap layer or by a thickness thicker than the thickness of the charge trap layer.
 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising etching a portion of the charge trap layer by using the first control gate layer and the dielectric layer as an etch mask, after exposing the sidewall of the first control gate layer.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein when etching the portion of the charge trap layer, the first control gate layer is etched.
 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising, after etching the portion of the charge trap layer: forming a dielectric interlayer over the semiconductor substrate; exposing the first control gate layer by etching the dielectric interlayer; forming a metal layer on a portion of the first control gate layer exposed by the dielectric interlayer; forming a second control gate layer comprising a metal silicide layer by reacting the metal layer and the first control gate layer; and removing the metal layer remaining after forming the metal silicide layer.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the dielectric interlayer is etched to expose the sidewall of the first control gate layer.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the dielectric interlayer is etched until the dielectric layer is exposed.
 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the first control gate layer comprises polysilicon, and the metal layer comprises cobalt (Co). 